Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the vertical arrangement of variables on discrete vertical levels. The left column gives the value of s , the second column gives the level index, and the right column shows which variables are represented at a given level. The lowest vertical level is coincident with the Earth's surface (s = 1). Prognostic variables are represented at levels shown with a dashed line, and the diagnostic vertical velocity is represented at levels shown with a solid line. The number of vertical levels resolved in the model corresponds to K in this diagram.

Figure 2: Schematic diagram of SSiB. The transfer pathways for latent and sensible heat flux are shown on the left- and right-hand sides of the diagram, respectively. T_r and T_a, and e_r and e_a are the air temperatures and specific humidity at reference height and within the canopy space, respectively; T_c and T_g are the canopy and the soil temperatures, respectively; e_*(T_c) and e_*(T_g) are the specific humidity at saturation at the canopy and the ground, respectively; r_a the aerodynamic resistance between canopy air space and reference height; r_b the bulk boundary layer resistance; r_c the bulk stomatal resistance; r_d aerodynamic resistance between canopy air space and ground; r_soil the bare soil surface resistance. H_c and H_gs are the sensible heat flux from canopy and ground, respectively. E_c and E_s are the latent heat flux from canopy and ground, respectively. f_h is the b function to adjust bare soil evaporation.