Table 1: The prediction systems.
| Model Name | Reference | Type of Model | Number of Cases |
| COLA | Kirtman et al. (1997) | Sophisticated Coupled GCM | 180 Forecast Initialized each month of 1965, 66, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 91 |
| NCEP | Ji et al. (1994a) | Sophisticated Coupled GCM | 192 Forecasts Initialized each month of 1981-96 |
| LDEO1 | Zebiak and Cane (1987) | Simple Coupled Model | 288 Forecasts Initialized each month of 1970-93 |
| LDEO2 | Chen et al. (1995) | Simple Coupled Model | 288 Forecasts Initialized each month of 1970-93 |
| SIO | Barnett et al. (1993) | Statistical Atmosphere coupled to OGCM | 180 Forecasts Initialized each month 1979-93 |
| UOX | Balmaseda et al. (1994) | Statistical Atmosphere coupled to 2 layer ocean model | 312 Forecasts Initialized each month of 1970-95 |
| LIM | Penland and Magorian (1993) | Linear Inverse Model | 323 Forecasts Initialized each month of Feb. 1965-Nov. 1991 |